ABSTRACT
The developments so far described applied only to England. The situation in Scotland and Ireland in 1689 and after was very different. In both countries, there remained a considerable rump of support for James II. A Scottish Convention met on 14 March 1689; its Presbyterian majority was instrumental in passing a Claim of Right and Articles of Grievances more sweeping than the English Declaration of Rights. The clans, with no one to unite them other than the distant figure of King James, abandoned Jacobitism for the time being. Bad weather, inadequate shelter, proximity to the Irish bogs and poor food combined to provide perfect conditions for disease, which killed off almost half the invading force. The constitutional position of Ireland was theoretically embodied in the Treaty of Limerick, negotiated in autumn 1691 between the leading generals on either side. From 1691 almost until 1714, government and politics in Britain were dominated by the direct and indirect effects of continental war.
