ABSTRACT

For more than three decades, a punk underground has repeatedly insisted that 'anyone can do it'. This underground punk movement has evolved via several micro-traditions, each offering distinct and novel presentations of what punk is, isn't, or should be. Underlying all these punk micro-traditions is a politics of empowerment that claims to be anarchistic in character, in the sense that it is contingent upon a spontaneous will to liberty. The band group, Nirvana, plays songs as a three-piece. The bass player hurls his instrument at the drummer and the pair of them also amble off stage. The blond-haired guitarist is left strumming alone, strolling backwards towards the edge of the stage. Punk, in the 1990s, was framed by the extraordinary sales success of Nevermind. According to many media reports of the day, a new kind of music was visible in the mainstream.