ABSTRACT
This chapter presents the interface between the two circles in the triple helix model by asking how collaboration between university and industry is portrayed, with respect to barriers and drivers in the academic entrepreneurship literature. How and what researchers write about university-industry relations will decide the ways in which collaboration is conceptualised and researched. University research is a source of significant innovation in generating knowledge, which diffuses to adjacent firms and entrepreneurs. Academic entrepreneurship is characterised by a product or service rooted in research-based knowledge, and with a high degree of innovation involved. The chapter suggests an integrated and coherent entrepreneurial policy to be implemented at the university, which also requires commitment at several authority layers, in order to enhance the dialogue between firms and researchers. According to a review of the numerous articles on the productivity of Technology Transfer Office (TTOs), a consistent finding is that they are not always effective in commercialising knowledge.
