ABSTRACT

This book focuses on early examples of women who may be said to have anticipated, in one way or another, modern professional and/or career-oriented women. The contributors to the book discuss women who may at least in some respect be seen as professionally ambitious, unlike the great majority of working women in the past. In order to improve their positions or to find better business opportunities, the women discussed in this book invested in developing their qualifications and professional skills, took economic or other kinds of risks, or moved to other countries. Socially, they range from elite women to women of middle-class and lower middle-class origin.

In terms of theory, the book brings fresh insights into issues that have been long discussed in the field of women’s history and are also debated today. However, despite its focus on women, the book is conceptually not so much focused on gender as it is on profession, business, career, qualifications, skills, and work. By applying such concepts to analyzing women’s endeavours, the book aims at challenging the conventional ideas about them.

chapter 2|18 pages

Midwives

Birthing care professionals in eighteenth-century Sweden and Finland

chapter 3|25 pages

Serving the prince as the first step of female careers

The electoral court of Munich, c. 1660–1840

chapter 4|22 pages

From mother to daughter

Noblewomen in service at the Swedish royal court, c. 1740–1840

chapter 5|24 pages

Remarkable women artists

Flower painting and professional changes in Copenhagen, c. 1690–1790

chapter 6|20 pages

Performing women

The life and work of actresses in Stockholm, c. 1780–1850

chapter 7|23 pages

‘Sister to the tailor’

Guilds, gender and the needle trades in eighteenth-century Europe

chapter 8|17 pages

Independent managers

Female factory owners in the northern provinces of the Russian Empire, c. 1760–1810

chapter 9|19 pages

Urban opportunities

Women in the restaurant business in Swedish and Finnish cities, c. 1800–1850

chapter 10|20 pages

Desirable qualifications and undesirable behaviour

Teachers in Swedish schools for poor children, c. 1780–1820

chapter 11|27 pages

Cross-cultural closeness

Foreign governesses in the Russian Empire, c. 1700–1850

chapter 12|19 pages

Shaping middle-class and upper-class girls

Women as teachers of daughters of good families in the Baltic Sea world, c. 1780–1850