ABSTRACT
The reform of royal finances, with the creation of the Errio Rgio, centralised state accountability with deep consequences at all levels of administration including overseas territories. In Brazil, private captaincies were suppressed; the autonomous state of Maranho and Par was abolished; a large judicial reform was implemented; new financial and fiscal institutions, juntas da fazenda, were created in each captaincy. The reform of the university included the introduction of natural law and the establishment of laboratories linked to the teaching of modern science. It was not solved by the transfer of the royal court to Brazil in 18071808, after the French invasion of Portugal, which carried with it the opening of the ports to direct foreign trade, the introduction of the main organisms of the state, print culture, industry, and colleges. Nuno Gonalo Monteiro develops his vision of the backward-gazing references that framed the political status of Pombal and his promotion to the titled nobility.
