ABSTRACT

This chapter discusses "development diamonds" as a new issue area and then explores activities surrounding compliance with and accountability of the Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS). The KPCS is an international political agreement. The conflict diamond campaign, in particular Global Witness and PAC, did not pay close attention to development issues relating to alluvial miners until late 2004. Artisans mine between 10 and 20 percent of the diamonds used for jewelry, which makes them an important part of the industry. African NGOs were involved in artisanal development projects, in some cases as local civil society partners of bilateral aid agencies, as soon as relative stability emerged in their regions, allowing for more civil society engagement. The KP also lent the DDII legitimacy by commending its activities, which is itself a sign of the global esteem the KP had achieved by 2005. A KP ad-hoc committee was formed in 2005 to conduct the three-year review.