ABSTRACT
This chapter presents a more detailed comparison, based now on two assumptions: firstly, that our collective existence depends on the unification of individuals and groups, and secondly, that our individual and organisational values need to be aligned with those of society. The process of recruitment and selection depends on criteria that range from the extreme Liberal model of America to the other extreme in Japan. The Liberal approach, on the one hand, depends on individual qualifications representing professional efficiency, regardless of value or societal aspects. The Japanese theory, on the other hand, depends on the social characteristics represented in the educational level and the level of commitment to the group spirit. The Liberal approach chooses the contractual employment style in accordance with the value of liberty, which, when applied, gives every party the right to abandon the other party when it feels it necessary to do so. The effectiveness value in I. Theory requires the leader to manage by detached involvement'.
