ABSTRACT
This chapter discusses the elements that make a work environment toxic. It outlines toxic employee relations such as workplace bullying and mobbing and their associated costs. The chapter outlines not every toxic element will cause dramatic poisonous effects once inside the system. It knows that a stressful job with high demand and low decision latitude is toxic to employee mental and physical health. The chapter takes a highly conservative approach in calculating the costs of workplace bullying using the best evidence currently available. The modern workplace is a dynamic, fast-paced, and profit-driven environment where proper employee management practices often take a back seat to the bottom line of a company. The message being sent is that employees are expendable commodities rather than indispensable assets. To make matters worse, modern organizations are often riddled with toxic elements, such as demanding jobs, daunting employee contracts, long work hours, 24-hour availability, and low job security.
