ABSTRACT
The army, of course, provides many examples of the cosmopolitan nature of the Roman Empire, including people from elsewhere serving in Britain. Claudius Charax from Pergamum in modern Turkey commanded the Second Legion during the invasion of Scotland in AD 139/40. The Emperor Hadrian, who certainly undertook some reorganisation, may have been responsible for the creation of the first and second class postal system. The geographer Strabo explains that it was easier for ships to reach distant areas, which consequently enhanced commercial activities, when piracy was taken care of by the Roman authorities. Temporary travel could sometimes receive a permanent character, in which case people should speak of migration rather than travel. The opportunities and limits to travel for Roman individuals have been rarely touched upon in classical scholarship, with the exception perhaps of the travel activities of male aristocrats such as members of the imperial family or governors.
