ABSTRACT
The modern novel, with Goethe but also Tristram Shandy and Hyperion, even back to Rabelais and Cervantes, started not by endorsing the promises of modernity, rather by rendering evident its inherent problems. From this perspective it is not surprising that in the second part of the nineteenth century the novel culminated, through Dickens and Dostoevsky, in reasserting the Resurrection in contrast to the Revolution, confirmed in an at once most concrete and symbolic manner by the last great novel of the last great novelist of the century, Tolstoy’s Resurrection, published in 1899.
