ABSTRACT
This chapter addresses the apparent contradiction between the high level of mobilization on work-related issues, the weakness of trade unions and the lack of satisfying policy outcomes regarding labour-related struggles. It explores the dynamics of the relationship between radical left movements (RLMs) and trade unions in Italy and Greece. The chapter argues that RLMs, both inside and outside trade union organizations, have not only significantly contributed to the comeback of labour as a contentious issue in both countries but have also introduced innovations in the repertoire of labour struggles. It shows how this took on different forms with respect to the different trade union systems in both countries. In Greece, this contribution was mainly internal to the trade union framework, thanks to the creation of grass-roots unions affiliated to the main confederations, while in Italy radical political actors and established trade unions ended up, in most cases, "marching separately to strike together".
