ABSTRACT
By the time Queen Mary died, on 17 November 1558, many English people might reasonably have come to the conclusion that 'reform' in religion was at best a mixed blessing. Under Henry VIII and Edward VI, not only had the look of churches and the services which took place within them been drastically altered, but all the religious orders and their houses had been removed from the landscape. When Philip, Prince of Spain, arrived in England in July 1554 to marry Queen Mary I, he brought with him a high-powered team of Spanish churchmen, who were to advise him on how to restore the English Church to Catholic belief and practice, as well as full communion with the See of Rome. In the process of Catholic restoration in Mary's reign, which lasted only five years and four months, has stimulated a large amount of scholarly discussion.
