ABSTRACT
Policing in the US and Australia has accumulated some experience with such prediction and intervention through administrative mechanisms that are widely known as early identification systems. The group training approach may appeal to agencies insofar as it seems administratively straightforward. The majority of agencies that have an EI system report that it includes post-intervention monitoring of officers' performance after initial intervention. Policing in the US and Australia has accumulated some experience with such prediction and intervention through administrative mechanisms that are widely known as early identification systems. The experience has not generated a commensurate volume of systematic evidence on the accuracy of the predictions or the effectiveness of the interventions, however; to the contrary, the evidence is, on the whole, weak and fragmentary. Discourtesy is a far more common form of misconduct than the use of excessive force, but the evidence on the well-springs of discourtesy by police is very thin.
