ABSTRACT
Over the past three years, the Mediterranean basin has been experiencing a strategic shift from being a largely Western-friendly region to an increasingly anti-Western space. Across the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), as the Arab Spring turned to Islamic Winter and ushered in increasingly Islamist regimes, combined with fiscal crisis in both the US and the EU, there is a retrenching of Western influence in this region. Washington’s Asia pivot reinforces this after a decade of war in the Middle East.
