ABSTRACT
Energy is currently used by three major end-use categories: buildings (residential, commercial and public), transportation and the manufacturing industry (see also Table 3.1). Typically, each of these sectors accounts for about 30 per cent of demand on primary energy use, but there are strong differences between countries. Other end-use categories are agriculture, mining and construction, but in developed economies these are much less important than the first three. The main aim of this chapter is to present an overview of energy use in the categories buildings and transportation (the overview for the manufacturing industry will, due to its diversity, be given separately in Chapter 4). In our approach, the relation between the energy use and the physical and technological characteristics of a sector is an important building block for energy analysis. These characteristics will therefore be treated in detail for a number of key applications of energy use. Of course this is not exhaustive, and there are many more important mechanisms and processes, but the set described in this chapter and in Chapter 4 can be considered as a first step.
