ABSTRACT
The Arabic alphabet consists of 28 letters which are considered to be consonants; in addition, there are 3 vowels designated by diacritic signs above or below the consonants. Moreover, there are various other orthographic signs that are explained in the following chapters. Usually, these short vowels and diacritic signs are simply omitted in everyday written Arabic and books but are retained in the Koran and teaching material as well as in this book.
