ABSTRACT
This chapter provides some background information on criminal law. The purpose of the criminal law is considered, as well as how to know and what is recognized as a crime, and the sources of criminal law. The chapter explains the burden and standard of proof in criminal cases. It discusses the effect of human rights law on criminal law. The chapter also discusses some trials in court as examples for criminal law. It deals with the section of cases, articles, trials in the magistrates' courts, judgements, retroactive effect of case law, police detention and appeal to Crown court regarding the criminal cases. The chapter provides the European Convention on Human Rights applies to criminal law in England and Wales. All statutory offences must be interpreted in such a way as to make them compatible with the Convention. Decisions of the European Court of Human Rights must be considered.
