ABSTRACT
This chapter considers innovation and technological change to engage with insights from the literature on Socio-Technical Transitions and, more specifically, the stream of literature on Strategic Niche Management (SNM). It offers a more holistic perspective on processes of socio-technological change and innovation by paying analytical attention to non-sustainable incumbent technologies, technology users and the social practices concerning energy with which sustainable technologies must necessarily intersect. The chapter presents a broader theoretical perspective based on building socio-technical innovation systems as the means through which transformations in sustainable energy access might be achieved. It provides an in-depth historical analysis of the oft-lauded success of the off-grid solar PV market in Kenya. In its normative mode, SNM theory is intended to be used to find and develop sustainable solutions to societal needs. Empowerment is mainly achieved by advocates and networks around the socio-technical niche.
