ABSTRACT
The key findings of the empirical analysis of the contemporary radical left carried out at an aggregate level (Western Europe, chapter three) and at a country level (the three case studies of Germany, Italy, and France, chapters four to six) are brought together in this chapter. The four trajectories are compared, making explicit the implicit comparative focus of the rest of the book. Robust conclusions on the nature, success, and limitations of this party family are reached, and their implications are discussed.
