ABSTRACT
This chapter discusses an examination of how the discourse on access and the public financing of higher education shifted during the transition from the structural period of mass access to a period of globalization and the push for universal access. It considers how racial representation in higher education—the proportion of students by race/ethnicity compared with their proportion in the population—changed during the transition to universal access, focusing on the roles of college choices and enrollment management. The chapter provides a review of the research literature to explore how changes in policy—both finance policies related to tuition, student aid, and preparation policies—are associated with college enrollment rates and choice of institution type. President Johnson used the Programming, Planning, Budgeting System as a systematic framework for promoting his Great Society Programs in Education. Federal loans were portable—if qualified students could take out federal loans—which is consistent with a market model for funding higher education.
