ABSTRACT

This chapter summarizes the neural basis for the mind and the cultural conditions for mental characteristics and processes, respectively. Harré's hybrid psychology seeks a peaceful coexistence between the two psychologies based on the natural sciences and the cultural sciences (normative) respectively. S-grammar expresses the idea that every human being has a special substance inside themselves – typically in the form of an immortal soul. P-grammar is closely associated with our important concepts and practices that involve responsibility, because only a person can be responsible. M-grammar is based on molecules and clusters of molecules as the basic active units. The task-tool metaphor is based on the fact that we, as mental beings, must be described as active agents. The taxonomic priority principle says that we necessarily point out material tools and mechanisms based on criteria that are derived from the meaningful, human world of cognitive tasks and projects.