ABSTRACT
This chapter takes a closer look on implementation of and more precisely compliance with international environmental agreements (IEAs). Barrett considers IEA formation as a process consisting of five stages – pre-negotiation, negotiation, ratification, implementation and renegotiation. The chapter considers theoretical background and presents the basic mechanics of the model by Dai. The majority of formal models analysing the implementation stage assume that countries will comply with the IEA without considering international and national processes influencing the compliance decision. Instead of automatically complying, the chosen compliance level is the result of a complex domestic policy-making process, which is influenced by national and international determinants. Literature on international cooperation in general has gained importance over the last decades. Gilligan and Johns distinguish three generations of formal models on international cooperation. First generation models explained compliance with international agreements in anarchy through basic repeated prisoner's dilemma models and hegemonic theory.
