ABSTRACT
A follow-up study by Frank Bird found differing data, but a similar triangle-shaped relationship, leading some to refer to the Bird triangle, and a study by Fred Manuele systemically dissected the academic rigor of Heinrich's work and the difficulties of comparing 1930 work and data collection practices with the modern day. Process and personnel safety are separate issues requiring separate controls and methodologies. Fascinating books such as Malcolm Gladwell's Outliers and Matthew Syed's Bounce provide plentiful case studies from the world of sport and commerce, showing that repeated hard graft is the only way to attain excellence. Young drivers sit in the middle of a perfect storm of risk. The Heinrich principle is universal and eternal. It applies to basic risk factors, such as the behaviours relating to gravity that account for the majority of accidents, but also to cultural factors that are more holistic, and which impact on well-being too.
