ABSTRACT
Thus far we have seen how reinforcement and punishment tend to strengthen and weaken behavior they follow. These effects belong to the category of operant behavior. We have also seen that reinforcers and punishers are stimuli that elicit behavior, such as when food elicits salivation or shock elicits flexion of a limb. These effects belong to the category of respondent behavior. In this chapter what some learning scientists consider to be another category of behavior-behavior that appears to be neither strengthened and maintained by reinforcement nor elicited by stimuli, but that nevertheless is generated by some schedules of reinforcement-is examined. This putative third category is termed adjunctive behavior. It is also called schedule-induced behavior. Although these terms are used in this chapter, this book does not take a position on whether the third category is a theoretically distinct category. As will be seen, this issue has not been settled.
