ABSTRACT
The substance of the present chapter will have a good deal in common with the previous chapter and ideally the concepts of motivation and reward should be considered together. Both topics are intimately involved in the adaptive behaviour of organisms and the way in which the activities of animals and men become modified to blend with the environment. A concern for the relationship between the external and the internal milieu is essential to an understanding of both motivation and reinforcement. Whereas in the study of motivation the emphasis is placed largely upon the translation of needs into behaviour, reinforcement focuses upon the nature of the goal stimuli toward which activities are directed and draws attention to the mechanisms underlying this feedback process (see A3). If this distinction appears a little unnatural it is because the two processes cannot logically be kept separate from each other and it will become obvious in the following review that it is impossible to discuss reinforcement without referring to motivation, and vice versa.
