ABSTRACT
Significant covariance among primary growth factors can be represented by underlying secondary growth factors, forming a second-order growth curve model known as a factor-of-curves model (FCM). For example, the developmental course of antisocial behavior across adolescence appears to be intertwined with substance use. A common global factor, such as the tendency to engage in unconventional behaviors, appears to underlie both antisocial behavior and substance use with both behaviors influenced by a common cause (Jessor & Jessor, 1977). Also, adolescent depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms are related to a global factor of internalizing behaviors, which may stem from a common cause, such as a stressful early life context.
