ABSTRACT
This chapter examines how theories of psychology have been applied in diverse organization theories. It describes diverse incentives that could motivate officers in different bureaucracies. A psychological approach is particularly pertinent to understanding human nature in this regard. As far as research from the West is concerned, there are two categories of motivational theory: content theory and process theory. Content theory presupposes that workers respond passively and consistently to external stimuli, whether they are physiological or psychological. Process theories provide a completely different dimension and concentrate on the psychological mechanisms of how a person is motivated. Expectancy theory points out that a person makes a decision after, consciously or unconsciously, comparing the motivational value for possible alternatives at a given time. Essentially, motivators that work for employees in private organizations should also work for employees in public organizations.
