ABSTRACT
This chapter explores different theories related to motivation that have proved useful in studying human behaviour in organizations. Need theories help to identify what motivates people. Some of the most popular examples of these theories are Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, McClelland's Need Theory and the concept of Theory X and Theory Y, a two-factor model that has been developed to look at needs, motivation and job satisfaction. The chapter explains the differences between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. It describes the role of 'grit' and perseverance in long-term motivation. The chapter compares and contrasts the different 'need theories' and how they influence motivation. It summarizes how best to motivate individuals in an organization. The chapter also compares and contrasts different motivation techniques for employees and creative workers. It also explains the role of 'organizational space' and how it can affect motivation in the creative process.
