ABSTRACT
This chapter describes the history of International Development, focused mainly on the two countries that provide the largest amounts of international aid to Africa – the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and the UK Department for International Development (DFID). These two agencies are far from being the only development agencies; however, the chapter focuses on them as their policies and practices have the longest historical time frame and provide the largest amount of aid. Also, DFID often takes the lead in trying innovative examples for other European, Canadian, and Asian agencies and their practices and policies are thus modeled. The intention here is to summarize patterns, and touch on the areas where aid for trade is "stuck". There is momentum to pivot the mindset that has kept international aid locked in past mental models. That which keeps international aid and development stuck, keeps Africa stuck.
