ABSTRACT
This chapter provides a general introduction to two of the most influential analytical approaches that have shaped our understanding of music analysis and cognition. These approaches are particularly interesting for the psychology of music, moreover, because they are predicated on an understanding of the psychological bases of listening, composing, and performing. The reduction of a piece of music to reveal the Schenkerian deep structure involves several steps by which the deep structure is revealed as we strip away or 'reduce' the intervening notes that constitute elaborations of base structures. Generative Theory of Tonal Music (GTTM) reductions are broadly similar to Schenker's in that an elaborate musical 'surface' is 'reduced' to its core constituents. A musical grammar must identify the kinds of structures that are 'preferred' or 'not preferred,' and 'acceptable' or 'unacceptable,' within a given rule system. Thus, the rules associated with each of the components occupy an important role in GTTM.
