ABSTRACT

This chapter explores how acute water scarcities across the world are increasing the likelihood of violent conflict in general, and how international mediators in particular can facilitate the peaceful resolution of emerging water wars. It endeavors first to describe how climate change will accelerate instability across already vulnerable countries and regions, and second, how international mediators can facilitate the de-escalation of tensions and the achievement of equitable and enduring agreements. Environmental mediation can be defined as the application of processes aimed at helping parties to resolve water, land use, and agricultural disputes in ways acceptable to all key stakeholders. Mediators Beyond Borders (MBB) is one American organization working at the nexus of climate-related conflicts and mediation. Climate change impacts in particular are expected to compound water scarcity across these Nile riparian communities, exacerbating food, water and energy insecurities. The Nile Basin has historically faced water-related pressures compounded by high demographic growth rates and by the demands of faster economic growth.