ABSTRACT
Section A2 provides a theoretical discussion of three primary instructional approaches directly aligned with CL: (1) educational/instructional technology-based learning, (2) computer-assisted learning, and (3) data-driven instruction. These three, especially the first two, share common characteristics: The first two are machine-specific and support other instructional approaches, such as learner-centered instruction or autonomous learning. Data-driven learning’s (DDL’s) focus on learners’ direct discovery and their use of linguistic information/data in the language classroom are explored.
