ABSTRACT
In order to gain a perspective on the trailblazing development of non-interpretative measures introduced by Ferenczi and Severn, it is necessary to examine how psychoanalysis became so wedded to interpretation from its onset. There is an interesting similarity to Bertha Pappeheim's co-creation with Josef Breuer of the psychoanalytic method of free association and Severn's co-creation of non-interpretative measures with Sandor Ferenczi. Bertha Pappenheim's case became known as the case of Miss Anna O., published jointly by Breuer and Freud. The case was presented as a study of hysteria where the symptoms of the disorder were revealed through verbal discussions with the patient. Pappenheim's method of chimney sweeping became known as free association and the therapy contributed to the development of psychoanalysis. Ferenczi's analysis with Severn brought into perspective the pre-Oedipal emotional issues which she suffered in during childhood. In the pioneering analysis of trauma, the Ferenczi/Severn relationship can be seen as a pioneering study in the use of non-interpretative measures.
