ABSTRACT
This conclusion presents some closing thoughts on the key concepts discussed in the preceding chapters of this book. The book maps the contemporary terrain associated with welfare conditionality, addressing the myriad conceptual, empirical and normative questions that it poses. It focuses on relevant connections with the rolling out of conditional forms of welfare across the Global South. The book also focuses on aspects of the welfare system and conditionality that are most likely to affect poor or otherwise marginalised populations. It concerns the efficacy and ethical legitimacy of welfare conditionality as applied to groups, two matters that, though conceptually distinct, are in practice inextricably linked. The book argues that systematic and ordered attention to the following series of questions can usefully structure an assessment of the efficacy and ethical legitimacy of specific instances of welfare conditionality. It demonstrates that sanctions-backed forms of welfare differ enormously in their origins, intentions, implementation and impacts.
