ABSTRACT
Slavoj Zizek insists in his introduction to tarrying with the negative, Lacan offers fourth critique of pure desire to supplement Kant's tripartite critical philosophy. Kant's critique of Descartes is concentrated on "fourth paralogism: of ideality" in his critique of pure reason. He argues that Descartes is an empirical idealist and transcendental realist. Descarte's transcendental realism resides in his mistakenly positing an absolute reality of things-in-themselves that exists independent of thought. The transcendental illusion that plagues Cartesian idealism gives rise to an epistemological error that consists in mistaking the problematic concept of a noumenal reality of things-in-themselves for an actual or transcendentally real object domain that exists independent of thought. Zizek claims that nationalism is a privileged form of radical evil. For Kant, radical evil consists in elevating sensuous or particular maxims over the universal law of reason. The fanatical nationalist has a phenomenal contact with the good and proceeds to elevate this phenomenal object to the dignity of the thing.
