ABSTRACT
Questions about East and West have constituted some major debates in the past few years, especially in education but also much more widely, with questions being asked that are quite fundamental to the nature of our humanity – they concern the nature of evolution and culture and social living. At the same time the industrialisation/digitalisation of the world has generated a huge demand for new knowledge, both in order to produce new commodities for the market and also to organise the production and sale of these goods. Consequently, the nature of education and learning has changed at a phenomenally rapid rate; as has research into these phenomena.
