ABSTRACT
Three thinkers triangulate the twentieth century: Charles Darwin, Sigmund Freud, and Karl Marx. Like Freud, Marx recorded and attempted to explain Industrial Age shifts in culture and perception. In the twentieth century, Marx's theories fueled debates in myriad academic disciplines considered social or objective just as Freud's did for disciplines focused on the individual or the subjective. Architectural theory has borrowed heavily from both. Less frequently noted, but just as true, Marx failed to anticipate the ascendency of information generally and information as a commodity in particular. Commodities first enter into the process of exchange ungilded and unsweetened, retaining their original home-grown shape. Exchange, however, produces a differentiation of the commodity into two elements, commodity and money, an external opposition which expresses the opposition between use-value and value which is inherent in it. In an exchange of commodities, as Marx stated, "there develops a whole network of social connections of natural origin, entirely beyond the control of human agents".
