Mathematical Logic as Based on the Theory of Types [1908]

This famous paper was Russell’s first published statement of the ramified theory of types, and the culmination of years of work on the proper foundation for logic and mathematics. Paper 22 appeared in the American Journal of Mathematics, 30 (July 1908): 222–62 (B&R C08.05). ¹ Russell wrote about the article to Jourdain on 2 July 1908: “I have an article in this month’s American Journal, of which I will send you an offprint when I get one. The American Journal is very slow—they kept the manuscript a year before printing it” (Russell in Grattan-Guinness 1977, 111). On 5 September, Russell wrote to Hawtrey that 22 “was given to the editor fourteen months ago”. Consequently it must have been submitted in late June or early July 1907. This was Russell’s third and final article in the American Journal (the second being Paper 1) and was all but his last in English in any mathematical journal. ²