ABSTRACT
Many states have set up specialised agencies to deal with recruitment and other matters concerning their emigrants. Leading special effort to forge state-level institutional support is Kerala, which in 1996 set up the Non-Resident Keralites' Affairs as a department of the government. In India, education, at the level of the states, has remained an underfunded and highly politicised service. The coverage remains patchy and the quality of education, as tested in the labour market, remains quite poor, with honourable exceptions. Vocational education and training is provided in India by several educational institutions/organizations functioning under about 17 different Ministries of the Government of India. In India, Industrial or craftsmen training in both engineering and nonengineering trades is provided to youth of age 14 years and through government Industrial Training Institutes and private Industrial Training Centres (ITC). September 2011, this network consisted of 2,244 Industrial Training Institutes and 7,160 ITCs covering 121 trades with a total capacity 1.32 million seats.
