ABSTRACT
This chapter explains that the terms "special effects" and "visual effects" (VFX) are often used interchangeably in the media and even by some professionals. In the pre-digital days and before VFX were primarily computerized, most effects work was done in-camera and on location, using miniatures, practical techniques, and various camera and optical tricks. Special effects (SFX) are practical, real-life effects performed on the set and captured by the camera. VFX are digital manipulations and enhancements of the footage, and happen primarily during post-production. People and the media use the term "Computer Generated Imagery" (CGI) to talk about VFX in general but in professional VFX discourse CGI has a much more specific meaning. Commercials and music videos also make extensive use of CG and VFX. These are much shorter formats than feature film or TV series, and as such have a much shorter turnaround time.
