ABSTRACT
Policies and approaches for language education of immigrant minorities are quite diverse. Every nation except Singapore has a single historical national language, with a long-established written and spoken standard used by the majority group in the nation as well as to a greater or lesser degree by minorities in those nations. Myanmar is the traditional name of the country in the literary High variety of the language, and apart from 1942 to 1945 has always been used to refer to the country in Myanmar/Burmese language. Thai language is one of the core elements of Thai national identity, and it is expected that all citizens should be literate in standard Thai. In all countries of mainland Southeast Asia, indigenous ethnic minority languages are largely excluded from the government education system as a consequence of policies in support of the national language.
