ABSTRACT
This chapter analyzes policies and practices in first language (L1)-based multilingual education (MLE), in the Asia and Pacific region and beyond. It describes what is being done in individual countries and even comparatively. The chapter focuses on the bigger picture, of trends and of demonstrably effective practices, analysing what is being done, where we seem to be going and what issues need to be addressed. It argues that the best way to address equity issues in multilingual low-income contexts is to support policy that enables L1-based multilingual education to be put into practice. The chapter explores a range of challenges being encountered by both policymakers and implementers. It highlights some innovative and sound MLE practices around the world, suggesting ways these practices can be and have been applied in the Asia and Pacific region. L1-based MLE is significantly improving educational access and quality for non-dominant learners.
