Cognition and language:

Vākyapadīya 1.131 asserts that all cognition is closely related to language; this trope is frequently quoted not only in grammatical works but also in treatises of various philosophical schools. Among them Buddhist authors try to reject it so that they can establish perception as a non-conceptual and therefore language-free cognition. However, since Bhartṛhari himself admits non-conceptual (avikalpa) cognition in the same manner as Buddhists do and nevertheless finds language working therein, their objection is not very sound. This is probably because Bhartṛhari’s idea is close to the Vijñānavādin’s theory of consciousness and language.