ABSTRACT
This chapter describes, contemporary views of organizational leadership are changing. Evolving views consider organizations as both rational and irrational; leadership is a shared dynamic; organizational leadership facilitates tasks, relationships, and change; and organizational leaders respond to internal and external environments. Twenty-first century organizational leadership is about shaping and enabling individuals and groups to accomplish shared aims and to adapt and thrive in a changing environment. Leadership scholars were developing two key concepts. First, effective leaders have high concern for the task, the people, and the situational awareness to act appropriately for different circumstances. Second, individual leaders are important but leadership is also a shared process embedded in social systems. Jacob Getzels and Egon Guba brought organization theory into an educational context. They conceptualized a general theoretical model of administration as an interactive social process between individual and institution in any healthy organization.
