ABSTRACT
Milan was sweltering when Josselson flew in from Paris in late September 1955. Traffic clogged the main roads. New, modern buildings were everywhere. Italy was booming, with production of everything from steel to scooters at an all-time high. Milan, Italy’s industrial heart, had become Europe’s most futuristic city – and a symbolically apt site for the Congress’s latest gathering, “The Future of Freedom.”1 Josselson had little to do with arrangements, leaving the agenda to planners Michael Polanyi, Raymond Aron, and Daniel Bell.2
