ABSTRACT
M A J O R P R O B L E M S 1 2 9
Q u a n t i t y P r o b l e m s 1 3 1
Q u a l i t y P r o b l e m s 1 3 2
S u m m a r y C o m m e n t s 1 3 5
M A J O R N A T U R A L P R O C E S S E S 1 3 5
P h y s i c a l P r o c e s s e s 1 3 6
C h e m i c a l , P h y s i c o c h e m i c a l , a n d B i o c h e m i c a l P r o c e s s e s 1 4 2
E c o l o g i c a l P r o c e s s e s 1 4 3
A P P R O A C H E S F O R A N A L Y Z I N G R E S I D U A L S G E N E R A T I O N
A N D D I S C H A R G E F R O M T H E L A N D S U R F A C E 1 4 4
A p p r o a c h e s t o Q u a n t i t y E s t i m a t i o n 1 4 8
T h e R a t i o n a l M e t h o d 1 4 8
H y d r o g r a p h A p p r o a c h 1 5 1
S t a t i s t i c a l A p p r o a c h 1 5 7
C o n s e r v a t i o n o f M a s s a n d E n e r g y A p p r o a c h 1 5 9
A p p r o a c h e s t o Q u a l i t y E s t i m a t i o n 1 6 5
S t a t i s t i c a l A p p r o a c h 1 6 7
C o n s e r v a t i o n o f M a s s a n d E n e r g y A p p r o a c h t o Q u a l i t y E s t i m a t i o n 1 7 1
S u m m a r y C o m m e n t s o n Q u a n t i t y / Q u a l i t y E s t i m a t i o n 1 7 4
S E L E C T I N G A N A P P R O P R I A T E R U N O F F M O D E L 1 7 5
P o p u l a t i o n o f R u n o f f M o d e l s 1 7 6
R e l a t i n g P r o b l e m s t o O p e r a t i o n a l M o d e l s 1 8 3
P r o c e d u r e f o r S e l e c t i n g a R u n o f f M o d e l 1 8 5
INTRODUCTION 125
D e f i n i t i o n s o f C h a r a c t e r i s t i c s U s e d t o S u m m a r i z e R u n o f f M o d e l s 191
A p p l i c a b l e L a n d D r a i n a g e A r e a 191
T i m e P r o p e r t i e s 192
Space Properties 193 P h y s i c a l , C h e m i c a l , a n d E c o l o g i c a l P r o c e s s e s 1 9 4
E c o n o m i c A n a l y s i s 195
L i n k a g e s t o O t h e r M o d e l s 196
C o n c l u d i n g C o m m e n t o n M o d e l S e l e c t i o n 1 9 6
G L O S S A R Y 1 9 7
N O T E S 2 0 0
R E F E R E N C E S 2 0 2
A p p e n d i x A : M O D E L S U M M A R Y T A B L E S 2 1 5
A p p e n d i x B : A N N O T A T E D R E F E R E N C E S F O R M O D E L S U M M A R Y T A B L E S 2 3 6
Chapter Three
ANALYZING RESIDUALS GENERATION AND DISCHARGE FROM URBAN AND NONURBAN LAND SURFACES
Wayne C. Huber and James P. Heaney
INTRODUCTION
Residuals generation on and discharge from land surfaces is primarily
the result of the action of precipitation on and the subsequent movement
of water over the land surface. In some cases residuals generation and
discharge is the result of water applied to land by man for agricultural
purposes. The quantity of residuals generated and discharged from an ir
rigated area depends on the manner in which the water is applied, e.g.,
method of irrigation (ditch and border check, furrow, spray), and the way
in which irrigation is managed (frequency, duration, and intensity of ap
plication). In all cases, residuals discharges from land surfaces even
tually reach receiving water bodies. This type of residuals generation
and discharge is most commonly referred to as nonpoint pollution; another
term which is also used is dispersed pollution. To be consistent, through
this chapter and this report the term nonpoint sources of residuals gen
eration and discharge is used.
