ABSTRACT
Second, we conceptualize culture as a moderator affecting the innovation-growth relationship. Most cross-cultural entrepreneurship research has studied direct relationships between culture and entrepreneurial activities while conceptualizing culture as an independent variable (Hayton, George, and Zahra 2002; Kreiser et al. 2010; Pinillos and Reyes 2011; Shane, Venkataraman, and MacMillan 1995; Wennekers et al. 2007). Our approach conceptualizes culture as a moderator variable. This is in line with newer crosscultural approaches (Erez 2010; Shane, Venkataraman, and MacMillan 1995; Tung, Walls, and Frese 2007). This approach assumes that it is possible to develop innovation in any culture, but that the hurdles to be addressed are dependent on the culture. To our knowledge, this moderator hypothesis has not been addressed in the previous research.
