ABSTRACT
This chapter addresses an important aspect of the culture of a country: nationalism and ethnicity. Culture has much to do with identity. Identity may be defined at an individual level. Identity may also be defined at a collective level. The ethnic group or nation with the most hapless plight in Europe are the Roma. The origin of the Roma seems to have been in India, and today they are spread out all over the world. The Muslims living in Yugoslavia were originally also Christians, living in the central region of Bosnia-Herzegovina. The chapter discusses in the general context of the power-sharing literature, the specific obstacles to power sharing in Northern Ireland and how, finally, with the Good Friday Agreement of 1998, some important steps were made in the direction of power sharing. The Basque Country is yet another place in Europe where nationalism and ethnicity has caused widespread violence, with about 1,000 deaths since the 1960s.
