ABSTRACT
Introduction Most arrests that occur in the United States each year are among people who have been arrested before (Christensen, 1967). Reams of criminological literature tell us that many, many people who have been involved in the criminal justice system in the past will be involved again at some point in the future (see, for example, Durose, Cooper, and Snyder, 2014). American prison populations and the number of people under correctional supervision both remain near their all-time high levels (Kaeble, Glaze, Tsoutis, and Minton, 2016)—a pattern which increasingly appears to be unsustainable (Clear and Austin, 2009).
