ABSTRACT
This chapter argues that what lies at the core of the tensions between India and Pakistan is the question of identity. It also demonstrates how Pakistan's security establishment has benefitted from the legacy of Partition, the crafting of an ideology-driven identity, and the fear of perceived Indian hegemonic ambitions. The primary goal of Pakistan's nuclear weapons programme was, and continues to be, military parity with India. Pakistanis and Chinese usually describe their friendship as loftier than the Himalayas and deeper than the Indian Ocean. Foreign Minister Zulfikar Bhutto argued, China is Pakistan's neighbor and it is essential for us to maintain good relations with all our neighbors on the basis of friendship and equality. To fortify the ideology of the state, the national identity within and without, there were constant attempts at emphasizing the universal nature of Islam; hence, the pan-Islamist nature of Pakistan's foreign policy. In order to survive as a state, Pakistan will have to tame ideology.
